[4], Civil resistance movements have often aimed at, and brought about, the fall of a government or head of state, and in these cases could be considered a form of rebellion. i) The people of Southern Tanganyika wanted to regain their independence. Students from the two schools would often see each other after school and on weekends, and the rivalry between then had always been friendly. He took the name John Mortimer, identifying himself with the family of Henry’s rival, the duke of York. For other uses, see, "Revolt", "Insurrection", and "Uprising" redirect here. [16] He proposes two models to analyze political violence: Revolutions are included in this theory, although they remain for Tilly particularly extreme since the challenger(s) aim for nothing less than full control over power. [14] This means that different individuals within society will have different propensities to rebel based on their particular internalization of their situation. Popkin singles out four variables that impact individual participation: Without any moral commitment to the community, this situation will engineer free riders. Olson thus challenges the assumption that simple interests in common are all that is necessary for collective action. Samuel L. Popkin builds on Olson's argument in The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. Governor William Berkeley's refusal to retaliate against the Native Americans in response to attacks against English colonists was the immediate cause of Bacon's Rebellion. Finally, after thirty minutes, order was restored. Both schools had top teams which, this year, were undefeated in their league. Historians have identified diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The mismatch, between one mode of production, between the social forces and the social ownership of the production, is at the origin of the revolution. The agency is located both within the collective and in the individual, in the universal and the local. to change the monarchs mind). In other words, anecdotal. Students were looking forward to the big game when they would play each other for the city championship. B efore going into the physical causes of the Boudiccan rebellion, we need to look at the state of the eastern and south-eastern regions of Britain to understand the underlying factors that caused the Iceni to resent the Romans. Another view is that the insurgencies amounted to pointless bloodletting, which may have even slowed the pace of reform. As such, Gurr differentiates between three types of political violence:[15]. Finally, there is a spark. World Bank economists Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler compare two dimensions of incentives: Vollier and Hoeffler find that the model based on grievance variables systematically fails to predict past conflicts, while the model based on greed performs well. In his book Why Men Rebel, Ted Gurr looks at the roots of political violence itself applied to a rebellion framework. A student rebel takes the risk of being expelled from school or being sent to jail. A teacher was knocked unconscious. He defines political violence as: "all collective attacks within a political community against the political regime, its actors [...] or its policies. Social movements, thus, are determined by an exogenous set of circumstances. The goal of rebellion is resistance while a revolt seeks a revolution. Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The farmers there had large debts and were having a di… Slavery had existed for far too long and time had come for it to end. When a child or teen feels anxious or scared, she might use rebellion as a defensive mechanism. [43] Both greed and grievance thus need to be included in the reflection. All of these people are rebels. [55] Rebellions thus cannot be analyzed in molar categories, nor should we assume that individuals are automatically in line with the rest of the actors simply by virtue of ideological, religious, ethnic, or class cleavage. And indeed, as we've already seen, there is clear evidence that the ties between Judah and Egypt were tightened during the time of Zedekiah. These grievances are underlying causes, or the most important causes of rebellion. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFPopkin1979 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBlattman_and_Rason2015 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBerman_and_Laitin2008 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCollier_and_Hoeffler2002 (, Suppression of the Indian Revolt by the English, The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam, The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, The Moral Economy of Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, "The Ontology of "Political Violence": Action and Identity in Civil Wars", "Religion, terrorism and public goods: Testing the club model", Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebellion&oldid=992922402, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Landed-commercial upper class has moderate influence on the absolutist monarchy via bureaucracy, Landed nobility has no influence in absolutist state, Extensive growth, geographically unbalanced, Extreme, string of defeats culminating with WW1, Landed-commercial upper class has moderate influence on absolutist state via bureaucracy, Peasants own 30-40% of the land own and must pay tribute to the feudal landlord, Relatively autonomous, distant control from royal officials, Peasants own 60% of the land, pay rent to landowners that are part of the community, Peasants own 50% of the land and pay rent to the landowners, work exclusively on small plots, no real peasant community, Landlords dominate local politics under the supervision of Imperial officials, Breakdown of absolutist state, important peasant revolts against feudal system, Failure of top-down bureaucratic reforms, eventual dissolution of the state and widespread peasant revolts against all privately owned land, Breakdown of absolutist state, disorganized peasant upheavals but no autonomous revolts against landowners, Revolt, a term that is sometimes used for a more localized rebellions rather than a general uprising, Contribution to the expenditure of resources: collective action has a cost in terms of contribution, and especially if it fails (an important consideration with regards to rebellion), Rewards : the direct (more income) and indirect (less oppressive central state) rewards for collective action, Marginal impact of the peasant's contribution to the success of collective action. 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