In this regard we have reported a key role of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in targeting MEF2 in the somites during embryogenesis. He also collaborates with other faculty members in the department. This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSF). We are currently focusing our efforts on six genes: quiver (qvr), a putative neuropeptide; withered (whd), which encodes carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), Cu Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1); manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2); aconitase; and the Drosophila frataxin homologue. His laboratory is continuing to refine the genetic and molecular map of the heterochromatic regions of the Drosophila genome and to investigate further the dependency of heterochromatic genes for their location in heterochromatin for normal expression. My lab is now beginning studies on the sub-lethal effects of pesticides on bird migration and orientation. We prepare our students for their long-term career and personal success. There are two major areas of interest in Dr. Hilliker’s lab: the molecular and genetic analysis of Drosophila heterochromatin; and the molecular genetic analysis of oxygen defense mechanisms in Drosophila. My long term research examines the behavioural ecology and conservation of birds. Self-funded research opportunities are available for MSc by Research (1-year research programme), MPhil (2-year research programmes) and PhD (3-year research programme).. Using a plethora of state-of-the art techniques capable of exploring gene editing, post-translational modifications of proteins, antioxidant and redox balance, cellular proliferation and repair, vascular contractility and blood pressure control, to whole animal behavior and health, my team examines the pathogenic causes and the therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases, diabetic complications, respiratory and liver functions, aging and longevity. How does the environment affect the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and digestion and why have these responses evolved? The Research Apprenticeship Program (RAP) is an exciting and enriching program for Glendon’s Top Scholars, under the banner of the g21 program, to gain hands-on research experience. One main focus is the study of neurohormones that are released from the central nervous system and control most physiological processes (including those related to the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive tissues). Faculty Profile The significant physiological relevance of these studies is highlighted by the fact that obesity has become an epidemic in North America. COVID-19 Updates. York University; Each year, 20-30 different field course modules are available to York U students in locations around the world, on a wide diversity of ecology topics. The Paluzzi lab’s research program focuses on the biology of blood-feeding arthropods including ticks and mosquitoes. Description: We study the gene regulatory networks that control the biosynthesis of medicinal and defensive metabolites in plants. Studies are also ongoing to determine the contribution of other transcriptional regulators such as the Fra2 subunit of the AP-1 complex and the Smad7 protein to the myogenic program in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. The genesis of this work was in identifying DNA binding proteins that are involved in transcriptional regulation during muscle development. Biology Resources. Decisions will be made from March to May for positions starting in September. We have now cloned, and sequenced a BAC clone corresponding to the recessive haplotype, and have cloned and sequenced a majority of the dominant haplotype. Registration Deadline: Friday, October 11, 2019. Science and Technology Studies Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 56: 173-192. Environmental monitoring programs of aquatic systems rarely pre-date the onset of human stressors. Find researchers and browse publications, full-texts, contact details and general information related to the Department of Biology at York University Both development and reproduction are analysed, primarily using a model insect system (Rhodnius prolixus), for which the genome has been sequenced. Research Areas: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chromatin and Epigenetics. Moreover, muscle differentiation is extremely sensitive to the action of various growth factors. During anaphase, chromosomes move slowly to a spindle pole at a speed near that of a tectonic plate. Perception means to turn measurements obtained from sensors such as eyes and ears into the coherent, predictable, and more or less reliable experience that we call “reality”. (416) 736-2100. It remains condensed throughout the cell cycle, consists largely of highly repeated sequences, and has a low gene density compared to euchromatin. However, it also informs character animation as well as automatic face and gesture recognition, and it has implications for applications of virtual reality for telecommunication, entertainment, training and therapeutic intervention. Sediments are natural archives of ecological data, with a host of physical, chemical, and biological variables providing insights into past aquatic ecosystem conditions. We are trying to understand what tethers are made of and what they do. Historical data and experimental manipulation of landscape settings allows us to determine the habitat requirements and status of wild bee species to make sustainable land use and conservation recommendations. Our work touches on basic philosophical questions (“What can we possibly know?”). These anthropogenic stressors include recent climate change, acid rain, contaminant pollution, nutrient enrichment (eutrophication), land-use change (vegetation clearance for agriculture, urbanization etc), reservoir/impoundment construction and exotic species invasions, to name a few. This research provides fundamental insight into the functioning of these organisms and furthers our knowledge on these medically-important species that have adapted to gorging on vertebrate blood and act as chief vectors of various human and animal diseases. Physics and Astronomy With particular strength in animal physiology, faculty members in the Department of Biology lead well funded and very active research programs utilizing a comparative and integrative approach, ranging from studies at the molecular level right through to whole animal physiological homeostasis. The Biology program, York’s longest-established scientific program, is home to internationally recognized teaching and research faculty. Dr. Hilliker was the first to demonstrate the existence of otherwise ordinary genes in Drosophila heterochromatin and contributed to the mapping of the repeated sequences that constitute the bulk of heterochromatin in Drosophila. You will be guided by a group of dynamic and interactive professors, including many award winners (e.g. Under freshwater conditions, where larvae face dilution of body fluids, the anal papillae of mosquitoes and midges take up salts (e.g. This fundamental knowledge can permit the development of novel and specific agents to affect control on mosquito and midge populations. This is a fabulous opportunity for biology students to travel to field sites outside the Toronto area, and to interact with professors and students from other Ontario universities. Within the research areas, faculty members work on a diversity of research problems, the range of which can best be seen by consulting the detailed descriptions on the Biology website. We have developed a transformation system that should allow us to test the functional significance of various candidate genes identified in the BAC clones, as well as those identified through our transcriptomic and proteomic work. Satisfactory progress in research constitutes credit for the mandatory BIOL 6021 3.0 (first year) and BIOL 6022 3.0 (second year) courses, which are during the Winter term, MSc Research Progress Evaluation exercises. M3J 1P3 The ability of adiponectin and lipocalin-2 to mediate direct effects on the heart may help explain the strong association between obesity and cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. Specifically, my research aims to an understanding of how animals cope with challenges associated with, and during, feeding and starvation to ultimately answer the question — why do animals have the digestive physiology they do? Research Further, gap junction–mediated electrical signals have a significant contribution to synaptic plasticity, learning and memory in health and disease. Quinlan Lab Website Research . Under saline conditions, where larvae face concentration of body fluids a unique specialized salt secreting epithelium in the posterior rectum of some mosquito larvae remove excess salts from the hemolymph. Our research is addressing current and future issues around environmental change. messenger-sensed) single-stranded (ss) RNA virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), as our model pathogen. Interested in joining our team? However, my research interests are broad, as I am interested in a breadth of paleoecological indicators (including algae (e.g. Research projects also include examining the ecological dynamics of present-day aquatic ecosystems, and examining the limnological functioning and structure of aquatic systems. 4700 Keele Street, Toronto Are you interested in doing research? Chromosomes moved normally after the UV severed both microtubules and actin (Forer et al., 2003; Sheykhani et al., 2013a), so we argue that chromosomes move because a spindle matrix propels the chromosome’s spindle fibre poleward (review in Johansen et al., 2011; Forer et al., 2015). Self-funded research . This links the molecular machinery of electrical synapses to higher brain functions. We are currently dissecting the effects of kinase mediated phosphorylation of MEF2 protein in order to fully understand how it serves as a nuclear sensor of growth factor -activated signalling pathways. to determine the roles of these neuroendocrine systems in mosquitoes and ticks. I have taught a variety of BIOL and NATS courses since I began at York in 2009. Human-induced ecological stressors, such as global climate change, pollution, introduction of non-indigenous species, and alterations in land use, water quality and habitat, are impacting our native ecosystems. This work is essential for the protection of natural resources, but also for the development of sustainable industries such as aquaculture. Results of our research will also contribute to an understanding of mosquito and midge population distribution related to environmental salinity levels. Visitors must comply with York University's mask policy when using in-person services and facilities. cbucking@yorku.ca. Understanding changes in ecosystem responses over time to environmental stressors in a diverse set of ecosystems improves our ability to predict the effects of environmental stressors into the future across broad spatial scales. The Rehan lab research focus is bee biodiversity and social evolution. The main focus of my research is the conservation biology and ecology of migratory songbirds. I was the recipient of the Faculty of Science Teaching Award (Senior Tenure-stream) in 2014. Daphnia and Chaoborus) to examine aquatic ecosystem responses to a variety of human-induced stressors. Peng Lab Website Research Areas: signaling transduction, physiology, electrophysiology, vascular diseases, smooth muscle cells, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, bioenergetics, insulin resistance, genetic and epigenetic regulation, hydrogen sulfide, gasotransmitters. The role of hormones and growth factors in regulating ovarian follicle growth and oocyte maturation in zebrafish, The role of growth factors and microRNAs in regulating human placental development and their contribution to the development of preeclampsia, Involvement of cyclin G2 and its regulators in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer, 5’ cap-independent translation of viral proteins, Transcription of viral subgenomic (sg) mRNAs, Determine the structure-function relationship of important RNA elements within the genome, Identify and characterize viral and host proteins that interact with these RNA elements, Determine the molecular mechanisms by which these RNA elements and protein factors mediate different viral processes. Freshwater aquatic ecosystems undergo natural environmental changes while they are simultaneously influenced by multiple human-induced (anthropogenic) stressors. (2017) European Journal of Cell Biology 96 :504–514 Division of Natural Science Currently, three areas of research are being conducted in my lab: Faculty Profile The focus of the research in our laboratory is to understand, at a molecular level, fundamental processes that are utilized by RNA viruses during their infection of host cells. Faculty Profile Future Students has evolved since 1990, depending on the interests of myself, students and colleagues at the time. Our ability to forecast future biological responses to ecological stressors is limited by the predictive accuracy of current ecological models. The long-term goal of my research is to bridge from biomedical research addressing fundamental neurobiological questions to clinical applications and to inform the translation of important discoveries from molecules to bedside. The lab has three main foci: molecular phylogeny, behavioural ecology, and comparative genomics. Chemistry My group studies plant-animal interactions, from temperate to arctic regions, along with associated research areas, including invasive species, climate change impacts, forest dynamics, and fungal endophytes of grasses. We use genomics to uncover the genetic basis of group formation and transcriptomics to understand the epigenetic modifications involved with social experience. COVID-19 update. Research in the Biology graduate program is focused on several broad areas: molecular and cellular biology; vertebrate, invertebrate and plant physiology; ecology and evolution. Teaching and Research activities are continuing to run in the Department of Biology under Covid-secure arrangements. In addition we are investigating the effects of oxidants and putative antioxidants on Drosophila lifespan and on Drosophila strains deficient in oxygen defense. Sheykhani et al. European J Cell Biol. By examining these systems at multiple levels of complexity, the details are more readily realized and we can then integrate this knowledge from increasing levels of organization. The information gained from this research can provide fundamental insights for development of lead compounds useful for control or eradication of these disease vectors. It offers you a diversity of courses from across the discipline, providing you with the flexibility to choose courses from many different areas … While programs are rigorous and demanding the Department maintains an informal and friendly atmosphere encouraging interaction and exchange of ideas and equipment between faculty and all students. Similarly, other neurohormones regulate development and reproduction. For example, targets of primary interest include the tissues of the alimentary canal (i.e. Our research is aimed at filling this void by elucidating the molecular basis of salt (ion) transport and how these mechanisms are regulated by neural and hormonal factors. Research Vision. 2nd Annual Conference York University Friday, October 18, 2019 VENUE: Life Science Building Lobby and Room 103, York University Registration Fee: $10 charge (paid at registration desk in cash).RSVP required. My research and writings have focused on the history of genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, symbiosis and horizontal gene transfer in evolution, tropical ecology and biodiversity. Event Program My recent research has used geolocators to map the long distance migration movements of individual songbirds to understand the fitness consequences of different migration strategies, the extent to which breeding populations depend on specific wintering regions, and to forecast how climate change will impact migratory birds. Our research interest concerns the basic regulatory mechanisms involved in cellular differentiation. In our most recent work we discovered a new spindle component present in all animal cells, elastic tethers (like bungee cords) that extend between all separating chromosomes in anaphase (Forer et al., 2017). (2013b). Therefore, our aim is to delineate the growth factor-activated signalling pathways that specifically converge on and modulate key transcriptional regulators such as MEF2 proteins during myogenesis. Fegaras and Forer (2018). Bird Banding . Faculty Profile I am studying the sensorimotor processes that make perception possible. We have been working towards a molecular genetic dissection of the distyly locus in Turnera species which determines both the incompatibility system and the floral dimorphism. I study chromosome movements during cell division. Most concentrate on microtubules, but other components in spindle fibres include actin and myosin; no-one knows what the different components do. Revelstoke National Park to save native bee species fmaquito | 14 April 2011 The Three-spot Mariposa Lily is an understated three-petalled white and yellow flower indigenous to some areas of the Columbia Basin. All entering students develop a research proposal with their supervisor and have a formal committee meeting (including completion of a Research Progress Evaluation form) in the first term of their degree studies. How does the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and digestion affect an organism’s interaction with its environment and why have these responses evolved? We focus on two main research areas: (1) detailing the molecular processes involved in gene activation and transcription, and (2) understanding how cells use SUMO post-translational modifications to regulate gene expression. One way we studied this was to irradiate small portions of spindles using a focussed beam of ultraviolet light (a UV microbeam) or avisible-light laser microbeam; after irradiation we studied chromosome or spindle pole movement in the irradiated cells using video microscopy and we looked at the structure of the irradiated spot using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. A majority of species in the genus are distylous and strongly self-incompatible, while other species are self-compatible often having anthers and stigmas in close proximity, leading to high rates of self-fertilization. The primary goal of our research is to develop a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the homeostasis and pathophysiology of ions and trace metals in aquatic animals. Sheykhani et al. We have done fieldwork in Scotland, England, Scandinavia, Newfoundland, on Hudson Bay, and throughout Ontario. Naturally, research in my York University lab. I am currently engaged in a collaborative project (University of Manitoba and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry) using GPS tags to study the migration constraints of a nocturnal bird that breeds in Canada and over-winters in the tropics. Included in this post translational analysis of MEF2 function is the identification of MEF2 interacting proteins using state of the art tools in Mass Spectrometry. (2007). Research degrees. Our research program focus on understanding how proteins are modified by the ubiquitin system and how aberration of this system contributes to pathogenesis of diseases. A graduate student developed an in vivo system in which chromosomes move rapidly to poles after she depolymerised all spindle microtubules. Bethune College, Keele Campus To understand the past, present and future of biological diversity, we work at scales ranging from genome organisation to global change biology. Research Areas: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Systems Biology, Metabolic Engineering. With wide-ranging expertise and strong industrial links, our research has a major influence in areas including environmental policy, tackling disease and biofuels. My laboratory has made wide ranging contributions to fundamental mechanisms in animal physiology. Study systems include a host of model and non-model organisms, as well as humans. The group has expertise in conservation biology and biodiversity, behavioural ecology and genetics, plant ecology and evolution, limnology and paleolimnology, bee biology, and ecological genomics. The work in the BioMotion Lab is highly interdisciplinary. ON Canada NaCl) from the habitat. Program emphasizes current research in diverse fields of biology. Both these mechanisms show pronounced daily rhythmicities, which are controlled by circadian clocks, located primarily in the brain. Christopher is a Professor in Biology at York. Libraries: Remain open for contactless curbside pick-up (book lockers), access to photocopiers, and computers until further notice. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, the failure of peripheral tissues, including liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, to respond to physiologic doses of insulin, and a relative insufficiency of insulin production from pancreatic beta-cells in response to blood glucose levels. About FSc Research Future Students Current Students Community and Alumni. Currently, I am serving a term as Associate Dean for Student Affairs in the Faculty of Science (2016 to 2019). Description: Our research focuses on histone phophorylation, methylation and ubiquitylation, processes that act as molecular switches to both regulate and fine-tune gene transcription. Informed by a strong commitment to shared values, including the promotion of social justice, diversity, and the public good, we aspire through our research to better understand the human condition and the world around us and to employ the knowledge we gain in the service of society. Mosquitoes and midges have specialized organs that permit them to survive a wide range of environmental salinity. (416) 736-2100. Ultimately, through our research, we aim to reduce the uncertainty in assessing the ecological impacts of contaminants, and to identify sensitive endpoints for evaluating the effects of environmental changes on aquatic health. I also do field ornithology surveys for projects sponsored by Environment Canada and Bird Studies Canada, among others. sharma11@yorku.ca. It is possible to obtain this long-term data through proxy methods, such as through examination of paleoecological data archived in lake and pond sediments. M3J 1P3 cpeng@yorku.ca. Research Areas: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Systems Biology, Metabolic Engineering. What neurohormones govern ionic and osmotic balance in these blood-feeding human disease vectors? My research addresses the functional role of electrical communication in the vertebrate nervous system with a particular focus on the visual system. (2017) Cytoskeleton 74:91–103. Please visit the Research Opportunities for Biology Students page. We aim to understand both the basic mechanisms by which these proteins enhance the correct folding of target RNAs as well as how aberrant La and La-related protein function contribute to human disease states. Communication between cells in the nervous system is mediated by chemical and electrical synapses. Representative  Publications: 92: 175-186. Although I am in the Teaching Stream, I continue to study bird migration. Continued use of road-salt can ultimately lead to invasion of inland waters by salt-tolerant mosquito and midge species which inhabit coastal areas. Using macrophotography and microscope imaging, we are able to capture the distinct morphologies and showcase the beauty of wild bees. Journal of Cell Science 120: 2190-2204. We have published extensive structural and functional parallels with the equivalent, but less readily analysed, mammalian systems and have made extensive contributions to the functional organisation of the nervous, hormonal and circadian systems of higher animals at numerous levels of analysis ranging from molecular and cell biology, to anatomical structure, functional organisation and systems biology. collecting licenses, import/export permits) prior to beginning their research. Faculty in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology include: Faculty in Cell and Molecular Biology include: Faculty in Physiology and Neuroscience include: We use biochemical and genetic techniques to understand how conserved RNA binding proteins function in cellular responses to stress and challenges to human health. In addition, results of our research can be used to predict changes in the mosquito and midge species composition by increased environmental salinity from the continued use of road salt. I frequently teach the Biology Field Course BIOL 3001 (commonly in Algonquin Park, but also in Belize), and I have taught a diversity of other 3rd-year and 4th-year courses in Biology and 1st-year courses in NATS. rquinlan@yorku.ca. Dozens of species of North American songbirds have declined significantly over the past four decades, many of which are species that migrate to Central or South America during the northern winter. Our research studies the ion transport mechanisms, and their regulation, in organs of these insects. Research Area: Cell Biology My lab uses genetics to identify genes that affect the clock, and biochemistry and molecular biology to discover the functions of those genes. This is important because these insects are vectors of disease but also play important roles in the food chain and ecosystem. While I investigate questions founded solely within each discipline, I also explore questions that exist in the overlap between the disciplines, using a variety of techniques across numerous biological levels. Despite identification of relevant organs responsible for hydromineral balance in mosquito and midge larvae, the molecular and physiological mechanisms at work in these organs are poorly understood, as is their neural and endocrine regulation. Students usually must also obtain other approvals from York U (ethics, animal care, off campus trips and field work) and external agencies (i.e. gut), which play roles in digestion and assimilation of ingested materials, elimination of toxins (including pesticides), immune response and are also chiefly involved in the maintenance of salt and water balance. adonini@yorku.ca. Light refreshments and coffee included. This focus ensures that within each area there is a critical mass of interacting people and shared resources to produce a strong research environment. Some of the fundamental questions driving our research on mosquitoes and ticks include: With a putative hormone elucidated, we seek to identify how target cells and tissues interpret the information carried in the form of a chemical message, which ultimately culminates in a physiological response leading to behavior. 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